Ubuntu 22.04 安装 Docker 教程

首先，更新你的 Ubuntu 系统。本文以 Ubuntu Server 22.02 为例。

1、更新系统，打开终端，依次运行下列命令：

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt full-upgrade

2、添加 Docker 库

首先，安装必要的证书并允许 apt 包管理器使用以下命令通过 HTTPS 使用存储库：

sudo apt install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common gnupg lsb-release

然后，运行下列命令添加 Docker 的官方 GPG 密钥：

curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg

添加 Docker 官方库：

echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

使用命令更新 Ubuntu 源列表：

sudo apt update

3、安装 Docker

运行下列命令查看可以安装的 Docker 版本：

apt-cache madison docker-ce

输出结果样例：

 docker-ce | 5:23.0.6-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:23.0.5-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:23.0.4-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:23.0.3-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:23.0.2-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:23.0.1-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:23.0.0-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:20.10.24~3-0~ubuntu-jammy | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:20.10.23~3-0~ubuntu-jammy | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:20.10.22~3-0~ubuntu-jammy | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:20.10.21~3-0~ubuntu-jammy | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:20.10.20~3-0~ubuntu-jammy | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:20.10.19~3-0~ubuntu-jammy | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:20.10.18~3-0~ubuntu-jammy | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:20.10.17~3-0~ubuntu-jammy | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:20.10.16~3-0~ubuntu-jammy | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:20.10.15~3-0~ubuntu-jammy | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:20.10.14~3-0~ubuntu-jammy | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy/stable amd64 Packages
 docker-ce | 5:20.10.13~3-0~ubuntu-jammy | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy/stable amd64 Packages

安装最新版本 Docker：（一般选择这个）

sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin

安装指定版本 Docker：（例如，安装 5:20.10.24~3-0~ubuntu-jammy 这个版本）

sudo apt install docker-ce=5:20.10.24~3-0~ubuntu-jammy docker-ce-cli=5:20.10.24~3-0~ubuntu-jammy containerd.io

安装完成后，运行如下命令验证 Docker 服务是否在运行：

systemctl status docker

输出结果样例：

● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Fri 2023-05-12 06:06:30 UTC; 13min ago
TriggeredBy: ● docker.socket
       Docs: https://docs.docker.com
   Main PID: 3046 (dockerd)
      Tasks: 11
     Memory: 24.9M
        CPU: 534ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
             └─3046 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock

May 12 06:06:30 ubuntu-server systemd[1]: Starting Docker Application Container Engine...
May 12 06:06:30 ubuntu-server dockerd[3046]: time="2023-05-12T06:06:30.362139375Z" level=info msg="Starting up"
May 12 06:06:30 ubuntu-server dockerd[3046]: time="2023-05-12T06:06:30.363433249Z" level=info msg="detected 127.0.0.53 nameserver, assuming systemd-resolved, so using resolv.conf: /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf"
May 12 06:06:30 ubuntu-server dockerd[3046]: time="2023-05-12T06:06:30.436264588Z" level=info msg="Loading containers: start."
May 12 06:06:30 ubuntu-server dockerd[3046]: time="2023-05-12T06:06:30.783141207Z" level=info msg="Loading containers: done."
May 12 06:06:30 ubuntu-server dockerd[3046]: time="2023-05-12T06:06:30.809112831Z" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit=9dbdbd4 graphdriver=overlay2 version=23.0.6
May 12 06:06:30 ubuntu-server dockerd[3046]: time="2023-05-12T06:06:30.809249476Z" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization"
May 12 06:06:30 ubuntu-server systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.
May 12 06:06:30 ubuntu-server dockerd[3046]: time="2023-05-12T06:06:30.840514810Z" level=info msg="API listen on /run/docker.sock"

运行 Docker 服务：

sudo systemctl start docker

设置 Docker 服务为开机自启动：

sudo systemctl enable docker

查看已安装的 Docker 版本：

sudo docker version

输出结果样例：

Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           23.0.6
 API version:       1.42
 Go version:        go1.19.9
 Git commit:        ef23cbc
 Built:             Fri May  5 21:18:13 2023
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Context:           default

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          23.0.6
  API version:      1.42 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.19.9
  Git commit:       9dbdbd4
  Built:            Fri May  5 21:18:13 2023
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.6.21
  GitCommit:        3dce8eb055cbb6872793272b4f20ed16117344f8
 runc:
  Version:          1.1.7
  GitCommit:        v1.1.7-0-g860f061
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.19.0
  GitCommit:        de40ad0

安装成功！